An assessment of the causes, agitation, major challenges for omncs and suggestions for tackling insurgency in the niger delta region of nigeria mercy erhi makpor department of human resources, school of economics and management, university of minho, portugal. The niger delta is the delta of the niger river sitting directly on the gulf of guinea on the atlantic ocean in nigeria. The movement for the emancipation of the niger delta has threatened some rocket attacks. The desire to control that trade and the production and extraction of that oil made the niger delta a contested terrain and a zone of conflicts. In 2001, the iyc incorporated an armed wing, known as the niger delta peoples volunteer force ndpvf, into what had been officially, at least a nonviolent civil organization. The niger delta development commission nddc was established in 2000 by president olusegun obasanjo with the sole mandate of developing the petroleumrich niger delta region of southern nigeria. An amnesty offered to militants in the niger delta in 2009 was intended to end fighting, oil theft and other disruption in the region. Crisis in the niger delta 5 the most pressing development needs are for better roads, water transport, power, and telecommunications.
Since its inauguration, the nddc has focused on the development of social and physical infrastructures, ecologicalenvironmental remediation and human. Therefore the focus of this study was to determine the cause of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as expressed by the youth in delta state. The response of the youth article pdf available april 2009 with 2,358 reads how we measure reads. Three or four phases can be identifies in the evolution of the niger delta crisis.
As has been mentioned earlier in the paper, the niger delta region is a potpouri of ethnic nationalities. Some 31 million people of more than 40 ethnic groups including the bini, efik, esan, ibibio. Pdf oil and gas have been described as the mainstay of the nigerian economy. Its impact on nigerians national security chapter one introduction 1. Oil and gas companies and community crises in the niger delta. Dialogue, narcissistic mentality, and the niger delta crisis fred a. Those hopes havent been realized, and the fragile peace is. The dimension the armed struggle, internecine conflict and insurgency in the niger delta, all of which have been subsumed under the general term. Oil and gas companies and community crises in the niger delta 7 companies that fail to assist in providing social amenities. Sep 11, 2010 how to solve the niger delta problem nigeria has been courting danger for the last 3050 years.
Conflict in the niger delta united states institute of peace. A cohort of 20 exmilitants from the urhobo speaking tribe within the nigerdelta region of nigeria that were enrolled in the amnesty program was used for this study. Pdf on jul 26, 2018, sylvester chibueze izah and others published ecosystem of the niger delta region of nigeria. Jun 24, 2016 it has been a while since we started hearing stories that are not pleasing to our ears, being extremely disheartening in respect to terrorist activities in nigeria, which niger delta crises would be classified among. If significant progress could be made on these fronts, much of the sense of injustice and marginalization on the part of the delta population would be assuaged. The military dimension of niger delta crisis and its. Niger delta crisis at every point in time have threatened the primacy responsibility of the government in terms of security of lives and properties and the preservation of oneness of nigeria as a single political entity. The research instrument was a self designed questionnaire named a.
Real issues in the niger delta crisis vanguard news. Pdf on jan 31, 2014, ihayere celestina and others published the effects of the niger delta oil crisis on women folks find, read and cite all the. Oil pollution causes both immediate damage and longterm harm to fish, agricultural lands and the health of the living environment. As they properly say, the recent oil crisis highlights more profound national challenges that are now facing the reelected president obasanjo and his government. Potentials and threats find, read and cite all the research you need on. Oil exploration and current state of the niger delta niger delta is made up of nine states namely.
Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as. This paper will critically examine the niger delta crisis with a study of the. How to solve the niger delta problem sahara reporters. Nigerias niger delta by esther cesarz, steve morrison and jennifer cooke is of signal importance. The study found that the federal government of nigeria failed to address the root causes of conflict and political violence in the niger. Apr 22, 2011 by the late 1990s, a militant delta youth organization began to coalesce in the form of the ijaw youth council iyc, which was officially established in 1999. How to solve the niger delta problem nigeria has been courting danger for the last 3050 years. As the nations treasure base, the niger delta provides over 80 percent of government revenues, 95 percent of export receipts, and 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings.
On august 6th 2007, aichatou mindaoudou, the foreign affairs and cooperation secretary, proclaimed the niger. Conflict in the niger delta more than a local affair summary neither nigeria nor foreign donors are investing enough to end violent conflict in the niger delta. Issues, challenges and the way forward by john uzie historically and cartographically, the niger delta consist of present day bayelsa, delta, and rivers states. Pdf poverty, oil exploration and niger delta crisis. Us foreign policy and the niger delta conflict pambazuka news. In 2000 obasanjos regime included abia, akwa ibom, cross river state, edo, imo and ondo states. The niger delta has a long history of militant activity dating back to and beyond the. Summary when a civilian government was reinstated in nigeria in 1999, many of those living in the niger delta region. The causes, effects and potential solutions to the deep. An analytical evaluation of the cost of the conflict in nigerias niger. Corruption, crises, development, niger delta, oil, poverty.
In 2002, an international observation proclaimed the niger delta as one of the most volatile regions of the world. Major general tamuno of mend alluded to this when he stated, the. The niger delta crisis is a serious matter that requires serious policy and committed and courageous leadership to resolve. This study was designed to investigate the effects of the niger delta oil crisis. Tuareg crises in niger and mali 37 working for the group.
Pdf the effects of the niger delta oil crisis on women folks. Pdf ecosystem of the niger delta region of nigeria. A nigerian newspaper and online version of the vanguard, a daily publication in nigeria covering nigeria news, niger delta, general national news. The data analysis technique utilized in this study is content analysis of data.
The niger delta is an unstable area of nigeria, and interethnic clashes are common often access to oil revenue is the trigger for the violence. The state and development interventions in the niger delta. An assessment of the niger delta crisis and nigerias. There is a limit to which people will endure abuse, exploitation and rape. Like most nations, weve had our civil war, and weve survived it. This study sets out to establish that the rising militancy in the niger delta area of nigeria. The amnesty deal is a desperate effort by the nigerian state to end the niger delta crisis, and thereby restore some dignity and pride to itself. In their view, the recent conflicts in the delta mark a watershed. Nigeria has faced this tragedy of militancy for a long period of time now, though the degree of actions varies from time to time. It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern nigerian states, which include.
Isaac boro, a young delta revolutionary, proclaims a niger delta republic to comprise mainly the deltas majority tribe, the ijaw. Which ever way you look at it, the root cause of the whole niger delta crisis is injustice. While nigerian officials opt to buy shortterm ceasefires, such as the 2009 amnesty process, other governments spend too little in money and manpower to grow local civil. Because the nigerian government has proven incapable of solving this problem, the time is now for the international community especially the united states of america to step in.
International journal of humanities and social science, 3 8, pp. Amadi phd senior lecturer in mass communication at the rivers state university of science and technology, nkpolu, port harcourt, nigeria. Nigerians are free to exploit it and people in those areas do. Niger delta, oil production, conflict, oil crisis, crisis management. This observation came on the heels of incessant crisis which the region have been witnessing for decades. Introduction oil exploitation in the niger delta region of nigeria began in 1956 at a production level of 5,100 barrels per day pd and was first exported to europe. Introduction the niger delta region of nigeria accounts for more than 90 percent of earnings from oil and gas, 80 percent of gross domestic product gdp and 95 percent of the national budget of nigeria. Also, the bulk of nigerias biodiversity and some of her. Niger delta crisis no doubt has implications for nigeria. Although the niger delta has a long history of violence, the situation has gone from.
The niger delta crisis and the roles of governmental. Fuelling the niger delta crisis crisis group africa report n118, 28 september 2006 page iii federal and state governments and niger delta parties, based on the proposal already accepted in principle by several delta activist and militant groups. Melford okilo, a onetime governor of rivers state, has. Hands medical foundation to provide few days of free healthcare for people in. Towards ending conflict and insecurity in the niger delta. Oil spillage and gas flaring by the oil industry has devastated the niger delta for more than half a century. Its focus on the niger delta and its festering crisis stems from that regions critical importance to nigeria. Abia, akwaibom, bayelsa, cross river, delta, edo, imo, ondo and rivers. Mend movement for the emancipation of the niger delta crisis, originating in this area of the niger delta in january of 2006, is viewed by many as a response to the lack of political will by the federal and state governments to properly and rightly address this political problem. Pdf on jan 31, 2014, ihayere celestina and others published the effects of the niger delta oil crisis on women folks find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Niger delta history pdf the oil rich niger delta region of nigeria has been embroiled in crisis. The root of the niger delta crisis before 1958, when crude oil was first discovered in nigeria, resulting in the oil boom era of the 70s, agriculture which was the mainstay of the economy was in the hands of both our northern and western counterparts.
Also, the issue of employment of youth and graduates of oil producing communities is a recurring variable in the conflict. This study therefore investigates the nature and character of the amnesty deal. Unlike his predecessor, yaradua chose the dialogue option which culminated in the declaration of amnesty for suspected niger delta militants who were willing to surrender their arms. Aug 11, 2016 august 11, 2016 the niger delta crisis. Niger delta crisis, may be seen in three basic dimensions. Niger delta niger delta facts history of niger delta. The conspiracies of the old colonial masters, in tandem with the. The niger delta crisis, as the world has now realised, will not soon go away. The production level increased to 20,000 barrels pd before independence in 1960. Print and ebook editions of this work are available to purchase from. The exploitation of oil and gas in the niger delta of nigeria resulted to impoverishment, conflict, human rights abuses and despair to the majority of the. Niger delta amnesty programme 2009 the disarmed militants were moved to designated collection points and camps in six niger delta states. This article uses qualitative research method to obtain information from highprofiled respondents through verbal interaction in semistructured interviews in addition to some secondary data to exa.
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