Osborn 1963 began in the 1940s to promote group brainstorming as a useful technique for generation of novel ideas. Despite peoples positive perceptions of narcissists as leaders, it was previously unknown if and how leaders narcissism is related to the performance of the people they lead. Chapter learning objectives principles of social psychology. The effects of idea sharing on cognitive processes and performance were assessed in an idea exposure paradigm. On the other hand, some groups develop norms that prohibit members from working to their full potential and thus encourage loafing.
Explain how groupthink can harm effective group decision making. Article information, pdf download for how the group affects the mind. Nijstad discusses these issues in relation to the many. It is true that the more able or skilled the group or team. Much of the literature has suggested that groups are often prone to worse performance at. Performance relevant outcome information had a diminishing. Outline the effects of member characteristics, process gains, and process losses on group performance. Professor nijstad does a fantastic job integrating both classic and contemporary research on group performance. Stein 1974 discussed group factors in his volume on stimulating creativity, and group pro.
Scientific publications of the staff of the department of. Currently bernard nijstad is a full professor of organizational behaviour at the department of economics and business of the university of groningen. One would expect groups to benefit from their multiple and potentially complementary skills. Organisational and group antecedents of work group service. Collaborative creativitygroup creativity and team innovation. Group process includes the study of how group members characteristics interact with the behavior of group members to create effective or ineffective group performance. Dec 11, 2018 feedback is a ubiquitous management tool.
In line with this assumption, there was a main effect of values, f1, 54 4. I was particularly impressed with nijstads ability to translate this literature in a wellorganized and proficient manner. When the outcome of group performance is better than we would expect given the individuals who form the group, we call the. The ability of a group to perform well is determined by the characteristics of the group members e. As predicted, the average number of ideas was higher in groups with collectivistic values m. A model called search for ideas in associative memory siam is proposed to account for various research findings in the area of group idea generation. Creativity often leads to the development of original ideas that are useful or influential, and maintaining creativity is crucial for the continued development of organizations in particular and society in general. Group performance on a multiplesolution task as a function of available time. Motivation to learn, selfregulation and willingness to work in group were the emerging categoriesthemes identified in the study. As such, group accountability is rooted in group members expectations that they will be held accountable as a unit, and can be described as a state in which group members collectively feel accountable for team behaviors and performance e. Jun 14, 2016 diversity climate, defined as an organizational climate characterized by openness towards and appreciation of individual differences, has been shown to enhance outcomes in culturally diverse teams. The difference between the expected productivity of the group and the actual productivity of the group i.
Zapf dieter professor for work and organizational psychology, goethe university frankfurt verified email at psych. Consistent with other types of team outcomes, innovative performance is subject to influence by many different teamrelated factors and. Management, group processes and intergroup relations, international journal of conflict management, international journal of hospitality management, journal of experimental social psychology, journal of individual differences, journal of occupational health psychology, journal. Forty chinese undergraduates were randomly assigned to shortterm. Changes in peoples identities as new yorkers following the world trade center terrorist attacks. Group performance is increased when the group members care about the ability of the group to do a good job e.
It explores the basic theories surrounding group interaction and development and investigates how groups affect their members. Traditionally, diversity climate has been defined in terms of the presence of organizational policies and structures that promote the position of designated groups, such as affirmative action and career advancement programs chrobotmason and aramovich 20. The main proponents of group creativity have been associated with inno vation in organizations. Outline the ways that lack of information sharing can reduce decisionmaking quality in group contexts. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. Organizational and group antecedents of work group. Nijstad received his phd in social psychology from utrecht university in 2000. We conclude that task alternation facilitates group idea generation, most likely via overcoming. The first focuses on how group decision making is affected by factors such as cognitive fixation and flexibility, group diversity, minority dissent, group decisionmaking, brainstorming, and group support systems. A cognitive model of idea generation open epub for how the group. Nijstad this book ends up being a book that you truly need currently, dont you. In this chapter we will be concerned only with groups that are performing a specific creative task, but there is also extensive literature on group task performance that is relevant to understanding the performance of such groups e. We hypothesized and found that although narcissistic leaders are perceived as effective because of their displays.
Most research and writing has focused on individual creativity. The association between personal and group social capital is underexplored burt, 2000. People interact and perform in group settings in all areas of life. Gender diversity in the workplace as we saw in our discussions of gender, conformity, and leadership in chapter 6, men, on average, still occupy more senior leadership positions in fields including politics and business.
Sorry, we are unable to provide the full text but you may find it at the following locations. Homan university of amsterdam research on the relationship between work group diversity and performance has yielded inconsistent results. Group processes oxford research encyclopedia of psychology. A cognitive model of idea generation in groups bernard a. We expected groups with collectivistic value orientation to generate more ideas than groups with individualistic value orientation. Further, group members are more satisfied with their performance than individuals, whereas they have generated fewer ideas. In this paper we examine whether shortterm ibmt can improve performance related to creativity and determine the role that mood may play in such improvement. Outline the benefits of challenges of diversity in regards to group performance and decision making.
On the other hand, those groups that arc passivedcfcnsive. Diversity climate enhances work outcomes through trust and. Special attention is devoted to the various processes and conditions that can inhibit or facilitate group creativity. Group performance outlines the current state of social psychological theories and findings concerning the performance of groups. Group process and creativity 2 the constraining effects of initial ideas 15 steven m. A dynamic perspective on the affective and cognitive processes that link diversity and performance 32 frances j. Contingent on such beliefs, diversity may affect the extent to which one s own work group is perceived as being a good group, where good may refer to expectations of task performance as well as to other aspects of group functioning. An integrative model and research agenda daan van knippenberg erasmus university rotterdam carsten k.
Group performance principles of social psychology 1st. We argue that this illusion of group productivity is partly due to a reduction of cognitive failures instances in which someone is unable to generate ideas in a group setting. Summarize how social psychologists classify the different types of tasks that groups are asked to perform. Employing it to enhance team creativity raises an important question of whether positive or negative feedback is more effective. This kind of competition or production blocking has been shown to be an important factor in brainstorming groups diehl and stroebe, 1991, nijstad et al. Yet, in recent years there has been an increasing acknowledgment of the importance of the social and contextual. Group processes revealed strengths and limitations in groups understanding of their work, leader role, and informationsharing procedures. Narcissistic leaders and group performance show all authors. Keywords performancebased assessment, purposive sampling, qualitative content analysis, verbatim accounts introduction assessment is part and parcel of.
Journal of personality and social psychology, 91 6, 10801093. Keep this important idea in mind as you read this chapter. Moreover, the gap in performance between the two approaches increased over time. This type of diversity climate has been related to favorable. Motivated information processing in group judgment. Task performance or the outcome of some behavioral or intellectual goal is a key function of many groups. One form of meditation intervention, the integrative bodymind training ibmt has been shown to improve attention, reduce stress and change selfreports of mood. Explain the influence of each of these concepts on group performance. Most research on group task performance and group creativity has examined small groups of. Taggar,2002, we know surprisingly little about the role of mindfulness for group performance in general, and grouplevel creativity in par. Diversity beliefs, information elaboration, and performance in diverse work groups astrid c.
Explain factors that can lead to process gain in group versus individual decision making. From 2000 to 2009 he was a faculty member at the department of organizational psychology of the university of amsterdam. Explain the influence of social loafing on group performance. Yet, people generally believe that group brainstorming is more effe. Nijstad, with 258 highly influential citations and 121 scientific research papers. Steele chunghsein sung university of illinois at springfield abstract groups are a common decision making tool of the modern organization. Sep 04, 2003 the first focuses on how group decision making is affected by factors such as cognitive fixation and flexibility, group diversity, minority dissent, group decisionmaking, brainstorming, and group support systems. Group process refers to the behaviors of the members of small working groups usually between three and twelve members as they engage in decisionmaking and task performance. Performancebased assessment in selected higher education. Taggar,2002, we know surprisingly little about the role of mindfulness for group performance in general, and group level creativity in par.
This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. As a result, they tend to emerge as leaders in group settings. Group performance, idea generation, task alternation, creativity, fixation idea idea generation is the early and core phase of problem solving ing. Unfortunately, prior research on feedback valence and creativity is limited to the individual level, neglecting team creativitys interdependent and knowledgeintensive nature. I was particularly impressed with nijstad s ability to translate this literature in a wellorganized and proficient manner. Bernard nijstad is interested in group processes, group decision making, creativity and innovation, and indecision and decision avoidance. To date, it remains unclear which processes are responsible.
Impact of group style and information type on performance evaluation leonard branson nathan l. Journal of applied research in memory and cognition. Download citation group performance people interact and perform. Group decision making in hidden profile situations. Improving creativity performance by shortterm meditation. Taskperforming groups include various decisionmaking groups, sports teams, and work teams. Request permission export citation add to favorites track citation.
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